Перевод: с латинского на английский

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to steep

  • 1 arduum

    arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).
    I.
    Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    aether,

    Ov. M. 1, 151:

    sidera,

    id. ib. 1, 730:

    cedrus,

    id. Am. 1, 14, 12:

    cervix equi,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:

    et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),

    Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:

    supercilia,

    i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:

    confragosus atque arduus clivis,

    steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:

    ascensus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:

    arduus ac difficilis ascensus,

    Liv. 25, 13:

    ardua et aspera et confragosa via,

    id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

    mons,

    Ov. M. 1, 316:

    Tmolus,

    id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:

    Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,

    Lucr. 1, 659:

    in ardua montis Ite,

    Ov. M. 8, 692:

    ardua terrarum,

    Verg. A. 5, 695:

    per arduum scandere,

    Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:

    in arduo,

    Tac. A. 2, 47:

    in arduis ponet nidum suum,

    Vulg. Job, 39, 27:

    ardua Alpium,

    Tac. H. 4, 70:

    castellorum,

    id. A. 11, 9:

    ingressi sunt ardua,

    Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:

    magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,

    Cic. Or. 10, 33:

    rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,

    id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:

    id arduum factu erat,

    Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:

    victoria,

    Ov. M. 14, 453:

    virtus,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:

    nil mortalibus arduum est,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:

    nec fuit in arduo societas,

    Tac. A. 12, 15.—
    B.
    Troublesome, unpleasant:

    in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,

    Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:

    quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,

    Gell. 4, 15:

    quam arduum onus,

    Tac. A. 1, 11.—
    C.
    Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:

    aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,

    in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.
    ► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > arduum

  • 2 arduus

    arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).
    I.
    Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    aether,

    Ov. M. 1, 151:

    sidera,

    id. ib. 1, 730:

    cedrus,

    id. Am. 1, 14, 12:

    cervix equi,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:

    et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),

    Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:

    supercilia,

    i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:

    confragosus atque arduus clivis,

    steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:

    ascensus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:

    arduus ac difficilis ascensus,

    Liv. 25, 13:

    ardua et aspera et confragosa via,

    id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

    mons,

    Ov. M. 1, 316:

    Tmolus,

    id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:

    Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,

    Lucr. 1, 659:

    in ardua montis Ite,

    Ov. M. 8, 692:

    ardua terrarum,

    Verg. A. 5, 695:

    per arduum scandere,

    Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:

    in arduo,

    Tac. A. 2, 47:

    in arduis ponet nidum suum,

    Vulg. Job, 39, 27:

    ardua Alpium,

    Tac. H. 4, 70:

    castellorum,

    id. A. 11, 9:

    ingressi sunt ardua,

    Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:

    magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,

    Cic. Or. 10, 33:

    rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,

    id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:

    id arduum factu erat,

    Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:

    victoria,

    Ov. M. 14, 453:

    virtus,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:

    nil mortalibus arduum est,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:

    nec fuit in arduo societas,

    Tac. A. 12, 15.—
    B.
    Troublesome, unpleasant:

    in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,

    Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:

    quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,

    Gell. 4, 15:

    quam arduum onus,

    Tac. A. 1, 11.—
    C.
    Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:

    aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,

    in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.
    ► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > arduus

  • 3 arduum

        arduum ī, n    [arduus], a steep place, steep: ardua evadere, L.: in ardua montis ite, O.: per arduum scandere, H.—Fig., difficulty: nil mortalibus ardui est, H.
    * * *
    steep/high place, heights, elevation; arduous/difficult/hard task; challenge

    Latin-English dictionary > arduum

  • 4 praeceps

        praeceps cipitis, abl. cipitī, adj.    [prae+ caput], headforemost, headlong: praecipitem (me) in pistrinum dabit, T.: ut Sopatrum praecipitem deiciant: praeceps ad terram datus, dashed to the ground, L.: Desilit, O.: se praecipitem tecto dedit, leaped headlong from the roof, H.—As subst n.: in praeceps deferri, headlong, L.— Headforemost, headlong, in haste, suddenly: ab inimicis circumventus praeceps agor, S.: ab equo praeceps decidit, O.: (apes) praecipites Cadunt, V.: praecipites fugae sese mandabant, Cs.— Downhill, steep, precipitous, abrupt, perpendicular: in declivi ac praecipiti loco, Cs.: saxa, L.: fossae, V.: iter, O.; cf. iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum.—As subst n., a steep place, precipice: turrim in praecipiti stantem, V.: immane, Iu.— Sinking, declining, falling: sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum, V.: in occasum sol, L.: senectus, Cu.— Swift, rapid, rushing, violent: Anio, H.: Boreas, O.: nox, fleeting, O.: remedium, Cu.—Fig., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate: agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium, pursue fiercely: praecipitem amicum ferri sinere, rush into the abyss: Agricola in ipsam gloriam praeceps agebatur, i. e. was hurried to ruinous heights of glory, Ta.— Rash, hasty, inconsiderate: quis potest esse tam praeceps?: cupiditas dominandi.— Inclined, prone, hasty: naturā ad explendam cupidinem, S.: praeceps ingenio in iram, L. — Dangerous, critical: in tam praecipiti tempore, O.—As subst n., great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances: se et prope rem p. in praeceps dederat, exposed to extreme danger, L.: levare Aegrum ex praecipiti, H.: Omne in praecipiti vitium stetit, i. e. at its extreme, Iu.
    * * *
    (gen.), praecipitis ADJ
    head first, headlong; steep, precipitous

    Latin-English dictionary > praeceps

  • 5 abruptus

        abruptus adj.    [P. of abrumpo], broken off, cut off.—Of places, steep, precipitous, inaccessible: locus in pedum mille altitudinem, L.: petra, Cu.— Subst: vastos sorbet in abruptum fluctūs, into the abyss, V.—Fig.: contumacia, rugged, Ta.: per abrupta, i. e. defiantly, Ta.
    * * *
    abrupta -um, abruptior -or -us, abruptissimus -a -um ADJ
    precipitous, steep; hasty; rash; uncompromising, haughty, aloof; abrupt, sudden; broken, disconnected, abrupt; stubborn

    Latin-English dictionary > abruptus

  • 6 abscīsus

        abscīsus adj.    [P. of abscido], cut off, severed, caput, H.—Meton., steep, precipitous: saxum, L.
    * * *
    abscisa -um, abscisior -or -us, abscisissimus -a -um ADJ
    steep, sheer, precipitous; abrupt, curt, brusque; restricted; cut off, severed

    Latin-English dictionary > abscīsus

  • 7 arduus

        arduus adj.    [AL-, ARDH-], steep: ascensus, Cs.: via.—Poet., high, elevated, lofty: aether, O.: cervix equi: sese arduus infert, i. e. on his steed, V.: Arduus arma tenens, high in the air, V.— Fig., difficult, arduous, hard: nihil arduum sibi esse, Cs.: factu, L.: victoria, O.: virtutis via arduae, H.: arduum videtur, res gestas scribere, S.: res, hardships: rebus in arduis, H.
    * * *
    ardua -um, arduior -or -us, arduissimus -a -um ADJ
    steep, high, lofty, towering, tall; erect, rearing; uphill; arduous, difficult

    Latin-English dictionary > arduus

  • 8 clīvōsus

        clīvōsus adj.    [clivus], hilly, full of hills (poet.): rus, V.—Steep, arduous: Latina (via), Iu.: Olympus, O.
    * * *
    clivosa, clivosum ADJ
    hilly, full of hills; steep, characterized by slopes; difficult (L+S)

    Latin-English dictionary > clīvōsus

  • 9 dēvexus

        dēvexus adj.    [deveho], inclining, sloping, shelving, steep: lucus a Palati radice in novam viam: mundus in Austros, V.: amnis, V.: haec declivia et devexa, Cs.: arva, O.: Orion, i. e. towards his setting, H.: raeda, on its way down, Iu.— Poet.: fluit devexo pondere cervix, bent under the load, V.—Fig., inclined, prone: aetas a laboribus ad otium.
    * * *
    devexa, devexum ADJ
    sloping, inclining, shelving; steep; prone

    Latin-English dictionary > dēvexus

  • 10 imbuō (inb-)

        imbuō (inb-) uī, ūtus, ere    [see PO-], to wet, moisten, soak, steep, saturate: palmulas in aequore, Ct.: imbuti sanguine gladii: sanguis imbuit arma, V.: imbuta sanguine vestis, O.: munus tabo imbutum, H.: oscula, quae Venus Quintā parte sui nectaris imbuit, H.: aram imbuet agnus, V.— Fig., to fill, steep, stain, taint, infect, imbue, imbrue: gladium scelere.—P. perf. with abl, tainted, touched, affected, tinged: nullo scelere imbutus: religione: Romanis delenimentis, L.: hac ille crudelitate.—To instruct superficially, color, tinge, inure, initiate, imbue: studiis se: dialecticis ne imbutus quidem: servilibus vitiis, L.: nos ita a maioribus imbuti sumus, ut, etc.: parentum praeceptis imbuti: (verna) Litterulis Graecis imbutus, H.: socios ad officia, Ta.: Imbuis exemplum palmae, i. e. you are the first to win, Pr.: opus tuum, begin, O.: Illa (navis) rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten, i. e. first traversed the sea, Ct.

    Latin-English dictionary > imbuō (inb-)

  • 11 mācerō

        mācerō āvī, ātus, āre    [2 MAC-], to make soft, make tender, soften, soak, steep, macerate: salsamenta, T.— To weaken, waste, enervate: nos fame, L.: macerari ignibus, H.: siti maceratus, Cn.— To fret, vex, torment, distress, torture, pain: quor me macero? T.: vos desiderio, L.: Maceror interdum, quod, etc., am vexed, O.
    * * *
    macerare, maceravi, maceratus V
    make wet/soft, soak/steep/bathe; soften; wear down, exhaust; worry, annoy/vex

    Latin-English dictionary > mācerō

  • 12 praeruptus

        praeruptus adj.    [P. of praerumpo], broken off, steep, abrupt, rugged: saxa: iugum, Cs.: nemus, H.: mons, V.—Fig., hasty, rash, precipitate: audacia: iuvenis animo, Ta.
    * * *
    praerupta, praeruptum ADJ

    Latin-English dictionary > praeruptus

  • 13 abrumpo

    ab-rumpo, ūpi, uptum, 3, v. a., to break off something violently, to rend, tear, sever ( poet.; seldom used before the Aug. per., only once in Cic., but afterw. by Verg., Ov., and the histt. often).
    I.
    Lit.: vincla abrupit equus (transl. of the Homeric desmon aporrêxas, Il. 6, 507), Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 509 Vahl.); so, nec Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro vincula Pirithoo, * Hor. C. 4, 7, 27; cf. Verg. A. 9, 118:

    abrupti nubibus ignes,

    torn from, Lucr. 2, 214; cf.

    with the fig. reversed, in Verg.: ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes, A. 3, 199: abrupto sidere,

    i. e. hidden by clouds, id. ib. 12, 451:

    plebs velut abrupta a cetero populo,

    broken off, torn from, Liv. 3, 19, 9.—
    II.
    Trop.:

    (legio Martia) se prima latrocinio Antonii abrupit,

    first freed itself, Cic. Phil. 14, 12:

    abrumpere vitam,

    to break the thread of life, Verg. A. 8, 579; 9, 497;

    so later, abrumpere fata,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 893, or, medios annos, Luc. 6, 610:

    abrumpere vitam a civitate,

    to leave it, in order to live elsewhere, Tac. A. 16, 28 fin.:

    fas,

    to destroy, violate, Verg. A. 3, 55:

    medium sermonem,

    to break off, interrupt, id. ib. 4, 388; cf.

    abruptus: omnibus inter victoriam mortemve abruptis,

    since all means of escape, except victory or death, were taken from us, Liv. 21, 44, 8.—Hence, ab-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken off from, separated, esp. of places, inaccessible, or difficult of access.
    A.
    Lit., of places, precipitous, steep (syn.:

    praeceps, abscissus): locus in pedum mille altitudinem abruptus,

    Liv. 21, 36:

    (Roma) munita abruptis montibus,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; Tac. A. 2, 23:

    petra undique abscissa et abrupta,

    Curt. 7, 11.—Also absol.: abruptum, i, n., a steep ascent or descent; cf. praeceps:

    vastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus,

    she swallows down her gulf, Verg. A. 3, 422.—
    B.
    Trop., broken, disconnected, abrupt:

    Sallustiana brevitas et abruptum sermonis genus,

    Quint. 4, 2, 45:

    contumacia,

    stubborn, Tac. A. 4, 20.— Comp., Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138; Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 1.— Sup., Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5.— Absol.:

    per abrupta,

    by rough, dangerous ways, Tac. Agr. 42 fin. (cf. supra: abrupta contumacia).— Adv.: abruptē.
    1.
    Lit., in broken manner, here and there:

    palantes flammarum ardores,

    Amm. 17, 7, 8.—
    2.
    Trop., of conduct, hastily, inconsiderately, Just. 2, 15, 4;

    of discourse,

    abruptly, Quint. 3, 8, 6; 4, 1, 79;

    also,

    simply, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 19.— Comp., Amm. 20, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > abrumpo

  • 14 abruptum

    ab-rumpo, ūpi, uptum, 3, v. a., to break off something violently, to rend, tear, sever ( poet.; seldom used before the Aug. per., only once in Cic., but afterw. by Verg., Ov., and the histt. often).
    I.
    Lit.: vincla abrupit equus (transl. of the Homeric desmon aporrêxas, Il. 6, 507), Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 509 Vahl.); so, nec Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro vincula Pirithoo, * Hor. C. 4, 7, 27; cf. Verg. A. 9, 118:

    abrupti nubibus ignes,

    torn from, Lucr. 2, 214; cf.

    with the fig. reversed, in Verg.: ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes, A. 3, 199: abrupto sidere,

    i. e. hidden by clouds, id. ib. 12, 451:

    plebs velut abrupta a cetero populo,

    broken off, torn from, Liv. 3, 19, 9.—
    II.
    Trop.:

    (legio Martia) se prima latrocinio Antonii abrupit,

    first freed itself, Cic. Phil. 14, 12:

    abrumpere vitam,

    to break the thread of life, Verg. A. 8, 579; 9, 497;

    so later, abrumpere fata,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 893, or, medios annos, Luc. 6, 610:

    abrumpere vitam a civitate,

    to leave it, in order to live elsewhere, Tac. A. 16, 28 fin.:

    fas,

    to destroy, violate, Verg. A. 3, 55:

    medium sermonem,

    to break off, interrupt, id. ib. 4, 388; cf.

    abruptus: omnibus inter victoriam mortemve abruptis,

    since all means of escape, except victory or death, were taken from us, Liv. 21, 44, 8.—Hence, ab-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken off from, separated, esp. of places, inaccessible, or difficult of access.
    A.
    Lit., of places, precipitous, steep (syn.:

    praeceps, abscissus): locus in pedum mille altitudinem abruptus,

    Liv. 21, 36:

    (Roma) munita abruptis montibus,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; Tac. A. 2, 23:

    petra undique abscissa et abrupta,

    Curt. 7, 11.—Also absol.: abruptum, i, n., a steep ascent or descent; cf. praeceps:

    vastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus,

    she swallows down her gulf, Verg. A. 3, 422.—
    B.
    Trop., broken, disconnected, abrupt:

    Sallustiana brevitas et abruptum sermonis genus,

    Quint. 4, 2, 45:

    contumacia,

    stubborn, Tac. A. 4, 20.— Comp., Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138; Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 1.— Sup., Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5.— Absol.:

    per abrupta,

    by rough, dangerous ways, Tac. Agr. 42 fin. (cf. supra: abrupta contumacia).— Adv.: abruptē.
    1.
    Lit., in broken manner, here and there:

    palantes flammarum ardores,

    Amm. 17, 7, 8.—
    2.
    Trop., of conduct, hastily, inconsiderately, Just. 2, 15, 4;

    of discourse,

    abruptly, Quint. 3, 8, 6; 4, 1, 79;

    also,

    simply, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 19.— Comp., Amm. 20, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > abruptum

  • 15 clivosus

    clīvōsus, a, um, adj. [clivus], hilly, full of hills, steep ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

    rus,

    Verg. G. 2, 212:

    trames,

    id. ib. 1, 108:

    loci et aridi,

    Col. Arb. 4, 3;

    opp. planus,

    id. R. R. 2, 16, 1:

    solum,

    Plin. 18, 24, 55, § 200:

    Olympus,

    Ov. F. 3, 415:

    Ida,

    id. Am. 1, 14, 11.—
    II.
    Trop.:

    tramite vitae,

    steep, difficult, Sil. 6, 120.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > clivosus

  • 16 praeceps

    praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].
    I.
    Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):

    praecipitem trahi,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:

    aliquem praecipitem deicere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

    praeceps ad terram datus,

    dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:

    praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,

    Ov. M. 12, 128:

    hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,

    threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:

    aliquem in praeceps jacere,

    headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,

    jacto in praeceps corpore,

    id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:

    in praeceps deferri,

    Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:

    abiit grex per praeceps in mare,

    Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:

    de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,

    Cat. 17, 9:

    se jacere praecipitem e vertice,

    id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:

    ab equo praeceps decidit,

    Ov. Ib. 259:

    (apes) praecipites Cadunt,

    Verg. G. 4, 80:

    aliquem praecipitem agere,

    to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:

    praecipites se fugae mandabant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

    Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,

    Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:

    praeceps amensque cucurri,

    Ov. M. 7, 844:

    praeceps Fertur,

    is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:

    nuntii,

    Tac. H. 2, 6.—
    B.
    Transf., of inanim. things.
    1.
    Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:

    in declivi ac praecipiti loco,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

    via (opp. plana),

    Cic. Fl. 42, 105:

    saxa,

    Liv. 38, 23:

    fossae,

    Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:

    iter,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.

    trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

    loci,

    Col. 1, 2:

    mons,

    Plin. Pan. 16.—
    b.
    Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:

    turrim in praecipiti stantem,

    Verg. A. 2, 460:

    specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,

    Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

    in praeceps pervenitur,

    Vell. 2, 3, 4:

    immane,

    Juv. 10, 107:

    altissimum,

    App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:

    in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,

    Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—
    2.
    Sinking, declining:

    (in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,

    Col. 5, 6, 33:

    sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,

    Verg. G. 3, 359:

    jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,

    Liv. 10, 42:

    dies,

    id. 4, 9; cf.:

    senectus,

    Curt. 6, 5, 3. —
    3.
    In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;

    syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:

    Boreas,

    Ov. M. 2, 185:

    nox,

    fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:

    procella,

    Stat. Th. 5, 419:

    oceani fragor,

    Val. Fl. 3, 404:

    letum,

    Sen. Hippol. 262:

    remedium,

    Curt. 3, 6, 2.—
    II.
    Trop., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate.
    A.
    In gen. (class.):

    noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:

    sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,

    almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

    agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

    chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

    praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,

    to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:

    quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,

    am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:

    praeceps celeritas dicendi,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:

    SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,

    sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:

    homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:

    praeceps consilium et immaturum,

    Suet. Aug. 8:

    cogitatio,

    id. Calig. 48:

    audacia,

    Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—
    2.
    Inclined to any thing:

    praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,

    Liv. 26, 38:

    praeceps ingenio in iram,

    id. 23, 7:

    animus ad flagitia praeceps,

    Tac. A. 16, 21.—
    3.
    Dangerous, hazardous, critical:

    in tam praecipiti tempore,

    Ov. F. 2, 400.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.
    (α).
    Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:

    se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,

    brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:

    levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:

    aeger est in praecipiti,

    Cels. 2, 6.—
    (β).
    The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):

    omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,

    at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:

    debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,

    to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.
    1.
    Lit.:

    aliquem praeceps trahere,

    Tac. A. 4, 62:

    ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:

    moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,

    Tac. A. 4, 62:

    toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,

    Verg. A. 4, 253.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,

    brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:

    praeceps in exsilium acti,

    suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praeceps

  • 17 praerumpo

    prae-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a., to break or tear off before or in front (class.):

    retinacula classis,

    Ov. M. 14, 547:

    funes praerumpebantur,

    were broken off, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    uncus praerumpitur,

    Col. 3, 18, 2. —
    II.
    Trop., to wrench, tear to pieces (late Lat.):

    purgativa medicamina praerumpunt corpora,

    Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 21, 128.—Hence, prae-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken or torn off; hence, of places, steep, abrupt, rugged (syn.: abscisus, abruptus).
    A.
    Lit.:

    saxa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145:

    loca,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 86:

    praeruptum atque asperum jugum,

    id. B. C. 2, 24:

    praeruptum undique oppidum,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 40:

    praeruptus et difficilis descensus,

    id. ib.:

    nemus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 91:

    mons,

    Verg. A. 1, 105:

    rupes,

    Suet. Tib. 40:

    fossae,

    Tac. H. 2, 41.— Absol.: praerupta, ōrum, n., steep or rugged places:

    praerupta collium,

    Just. 41, 1, 11:

    petere,

    Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 156.—In sing.:

    ad praeruptum petrae,

    Vulg. 2 Par. 25, 12.— Comp.:

    praeruptior collis,

    Col. 3, 13.— Sup.:

    omnes oppidi partes praeruptissimis saxis munitae,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 33.—
    B.
    Trop., hasty, rash, precipitate (post-Aug.).
    1.
    Of persons:

    juvenis animo praeruptus,

    Tac. A. 16, 7.—
    2.
    Of things:

    praerupta audacia, tanta temeritas ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

    dominatio,

    hard, stern, Tac. A. 5, 3:

    praeruptum atque anceps periculum,

    critical, extreme, Vell. 2, 2, 3:

    seditio,

    dangerous, Dig. 28, 3, 6.—Hence, praerūpium, ii, n. [prae - rupes], the rocky wall, line, or wall of rocks (late Lat.):

    fluminis,

    App. Mag. 8, p. 278 med. (dub.; al. praeripia, q. v.); Serv. Verg. A. 6, 704; sing., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 38.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praerumpo

  • 18 praerupium

    prae-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a., to break or tear off before or in front (class.):

    retinacula classis,

    Ov. M. 14, 547:

    funes praerumpebantur,

    were broken off, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    uncus praerumpitur,

    Col. 3, 18, 2. —
    II.
    Trop., to wrench, tear to pieces (late Lat.):

    purgativa medicamina praerumpunt corpora,

    Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 21, 128.—Hence, prae-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken or torn off; hence, of places, steep, abrupt, rugged (syn.: abscisus, abruptus).
    A.
    Lit.:

    saxa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145:

    loca,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 86:

    praeruptum atque asperum jugum,

    id. B. C. 2, 24:

    praeruptum undique oppidum,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 40:

    praeruptus et difficilis descensus,

    id. ib.:

    nemus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 91:

    mons,

    Verg. A. 1, 105:

    rupes,

    Suet. Tib. 40:

    fossae,

    Tac. H. 2, 41.— Absol.: praerupta, ōrum, n., steep or rugged places:

    praerupta collium,

    Just. 41, 1, 11:

    petere,

    Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 156.—In sing.:

    ad praeruptum petrae,

    Vulg. 2 Par. 25, 12.— Comp.:

    praeruptior collis,

    Col. 3, 13.— Sup.:

    omnes oppidi partes praeruptissimis saxis munitae,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 33.—
    B.
    Trop., hasty, rash, precipitate (post-Aug.).
    1.
    Of persons:

    juvenis animo praeruptus,

    Tac. A. 16, 7.—
    2.
    Of things:

    praerupta audacia, tanta temeritas ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

    dominatio,

    hard, stern, Tac. A. 5, 3:

    praeruptum atque anceps periculum,

    critical, extreme, Vell. 2, 2, 3:

    seditio,

    dangerous, Dig. 28, 3, 6.—Hence, praerūpium, ii, n. [prae - rupes], the rocky wall, line, or wall of rocks (late Lat.):

    fluminis,

    App. Mag. 8, p. 278 med. (dub.; al. praeripia, q. v.); Serv. Verg. A. 6, 704; sing., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 38.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praerupium

  • 19 praeruptus

    prae-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a., to break or tear off before or in front (class.):

    retinacula classis,

    Ov. M. 14, 547:

    funes praerumpebantur,

    were broken off, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    uncus praerumpitur,

    Col. 3, 18, 2. —
    II.
    Trop., to wrench, tear to pieces (late Lat.):

    purgativa medicamina praerumpunt corpora,

    Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 21, 128.—Hence, prae-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken or torn off; hence, of places, steep, abrupt, rugged (syn.: abscisus, abruptus).
    A.
    Lit.:

    saxa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145:

    loca,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 86:

    praeruptum atque asperum jugum,

    id. B. C. 2, 24:

    praeruptum undique oppidum,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 40:

    praeruptus et difficilis descensus,

    id. ib.:

    nemus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 91:

    mons,

    Verg. A. 1, 105:

    rupes,

    Suet. Tib. 40:

    fossae,

    Tac. H. 2, 41.— Absol.: praerupta, ōrum, n., steep or rugged places:

    praerupta collium,

    Just. 41, 1, 11:

    petere,

    Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 156.—In sing.:

    ad praeruptum petrae,

    Vulg. 2 Par. 25, 12.— Comp.:

    praeruptior collis,

    Col. 3, 13.— Sup.:

    omnes oppidi partes praeruptissimis saxis munitae,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 33.—
    B.
    Trop., hasty, rash, precipitate (post-Aug.).
    1.
    Of persons:

    juvenis animo praeruptus,

    Tac. A. 16, 7.—
    2.
    Of things:

    praerupta audacia, tanta temeritas ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

    dominatio,

    hard, stern, Tac. A. 5, 3:

    praeruptum atque anceps periculum,

    critical, extreme, Vell. 2, 2, 3:

    seditio,

    dangerous, Dig. 28, 3, 6.—Hence, praerūpium, ii, n. [prae - rupes], the rocky wall, line, or wall of rocks (late Lat.):

    fluminis,

    App. Mag. 8, p. 278 med. (dub.; al. praeripia, q. v.); Serv. Verg. A. 6, 704; sing., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 38.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praeruptus

  • 20 proclivis

    prōclīvis, e (ante- and post-class. and poet.; collat. form prōclīvus, a, um, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 27; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 7; Cat. 64, 270; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 91), adj. [proclivus], sloping, steep, going downwards or downhill.
    I.
    Lit. (rare;

    not in Cic. or Cæs.: solum,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 7:

    per proclivem viam duci,

    Liv. 35, 30: omnia procliva sunt;

    facile descenditur,

    Sen. Apoc. 13.— Subst.: prō-clīve, is (or prōclīvum, i), n., a slope, descent, declivity:

    pelli per proclive,

    downhill, downwards, Liv. 5, 43, 2:

    adjuvante proclivo impetum militum,

    Front. Strat. 2, 2, 2 (al. proclivio):

    in proclive detrudi, Auct. B. Alex. 76: per proclivia devolare,

    Col. 9, 5, 1.—Of persons, going downwards or downhill ( poet.), Claud. III. Cons. Honor. 178.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Downwards, descending, downhill, declining (rare but class.):

    proclivi cursu et facili delabi,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

    jam proclivi senectute,

    declining, drawing to a close, App. Fl. 4, p. 361; cf.:

    Junius mensis est jam proclivus in Julium,

    Sen. Ep. 86, 16.— Absol.:

    proclivi currit oratio,

    flows precipitately, Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84; v. Madv. ad h. l.—
    B.
    Inclined or disposed to a thing, liable, prone, subject; ready, willing (freq. and class.; mostly in a bad sense; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 12, 27, s. v. proclivitas; syn. propensus); constr. usually ad aliquid, more rarely with dat. or circa.
    (α).
    With ad:

    ingenium Hominum proclive ad lubidinem,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

    ad aliquem morbum proclivior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81:

    ergo et invidi et malevoli...quia proclives ad eas perturbationes,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 28:

    amicitia debet esse ad omnem comitatem facilitatemque proclivior,

    id. Lael. 18, 66.—
    (β).
    With dat. ( poet.):

    sceleri proclivis egestas,

    Sil. 13, 585.—
    (γ).
    With circa (post-Aug.):

    eritque judex circa modestiam juris probatione proclivior,

    Quint. 4, 5, 21.—
    C.
    Steep, unsafe, untrustworthy; and hence, obscure, unintelligible:

    fecisti modo mi ex proclivo planum,

    you make it plain, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 28:

    faciam hanc rem planam ex proclivā tibi,

    id. Rud. 4, 4, 90:

    nam iste proclive'st quod jubes me plane conlocare,

    id. As. 3, 3, 73.—
    2.
    Transf., easy to be done:

    proclivia anteponuntur laboriosis,

    Cic. Top. 18, 69:

    illa facilia, proclivia, jucunda,

    id. Part. 27, 95:

    ut fingendi proclivis esset ratio,

    id. Rep. 2, 10, 17:

    proclivus impetus,

    Lucr. 6, 728:

    cum proclivior faciliorque jactus sit ex supernis in infima,

    Gell. 9, 1, 2:

    dictu quidem est proclive,

    easy to be said, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 69:

    quod est multo proclivius,

    much easier, id. Rep. 1, 6, 11.— Absol.: in proclivi, easy:

    tam hoc quidem tibi in proclivi, quam imber est, quando pluit,

    as easy, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 86:

    id. faciam, in proclivi quod est,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 18:

    alia omnia in proclivi erunt,

    will be easy, Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2, 8; v. planum.—Hence, adv., in two forms, prōclīvē and prō-clīvĭter (cf. Gell. 10, 24; Macr. S. 1, 4).
    A.
    Downwards:

    proclive labuntur,

    rush downwards, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42 Kühn. and Moser N. cr. (B. and K. proclivi); Lucr. 2, 455 Lachm.; cf. sublime ferri, under sublimis.— Comp.:

    labi verba proclivius,

    i. e. more rapidly, Cic. Or. 57, 191; cf.:

    quin proclivius hic iras decurrat ad acris,

    Lucr. 3, 311.—
    B.
    Easily: facile et procliviter persuadere, Castric. ap. Gell. 1, 6, 6.— Comp.:

    multo proclivius,

    Lucr. 2, 792.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > proclivis

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